The city of Carcassonne:
The largest medieval ensemble in Europe
Previously judged as the favorite monument of the French, the medieval city of Carcassonne is definitely worth a visit. The first time I came to Carcassonne, I expected to see a castle perched on a hill but I did not expect that. I was amazed!
This city is truly gigantic, with no less than 3km of double ramparts and 52 towers and barbicans, 4 gates which dominate the entire valley and offer remarkable views of the surroundings.
Besides, you can see it for yourself, when you climb to the top of its ramparts and walk along them, no matter where you stop, you can admire a magnificent landscape. What is great in this city is that in one visit you can discover the remains of three different eras.
A little bit of history
To begin, let's take a quick trip down memory lane. Originally, it was an oppidum then transformed, in the 1st century BC, into a Roman city. This is when the brick towers and the wall were built. But the protection offered by the Gallo-Roman wall did not prevent the Visigoths, Saracens and Franks from taking possession of the premises in turns.
In the 12th century, it entered the bosom of the Trencavels, it was also at this time that the Comtal castle and the Saint Nazaire basilica were built. Small digression, if you visit the castle, know that it is quite challenging, there are many stairs to go up and down throughout the visit.
But anyway… let’s get back to the History of Carcassonne. It is especially the 13th century that will considerably mark the physiognomy of the city. Accused of complicity with the Cathars, it was besieged and capitulated in 1209. At the end of the Albigensian Crusade, launched by Pope Innocent III, Carcassonne passed into royal power and was led by a Seneschal. The city is then adorned with new fortifications. The outer wall is built, the inner ramparts are modernized, in short the city becomes one of the strategic strongholds of the kingdom of France. It guaranteed the border between France and Aragon until the Treaty of the Pyrenees of 1659 which annexed Roussillon to France.
Carcassonne saved at the last moment
Unfortunately, the City loses its luster over time. It was abandoned in favor of the Bastide (lower town) which, thanks to the Canal du Midi, allowed the development of the drapery industry and the wine trade.
In 1850, a decree even ordered its partial destruction in view of its dilapidation. Fortunately, Jean-Pierre Cros-Mayrevieille and Prosper Mérimée (both general inspectors of historical monuments) intervened to ensure that the monument did not meet a tragic end. Prospère Mérimée, you may know him, he is also a French writer.
This is how Viollet-le-Duc, architect of Napoleon III, made his appearance and took charge of the restoration of Carcassonne. You have no doubt heard of him, he is quite a character in France, we owe him a lot of restoration in France. He was passionate about medieval times and was often commissioned to renovate masterpieces from that era.
In short, Carcassonne survived. Phew! It has also been on the UNESCO World Heritage List since 1997.
There are also many museums and cultural exhibitions to visit, which allow you to discover the rich and complex history of the city.
History certainly, but not only!
But Carcassonne is not all about history and culture, I particularly like getting lost in the narrow, cobbled streets of the old town. The stone buildings, the half-timbered houses and the small private gardens are all very authentic and give you the impression of being in a real medieval castle.
A real marvel! I strongly advise you to visit it! By the way, if you come for immersion at my place, I will take you there with great pleasure! It is a place that will take you back in time, and you will keep an unforgettable memory.
See you soon, in a next article or podcast 😉